Nada más que un capítulo introductorio
Bouckley, K. (2023). “Global copper demand to rise 20% by 2035 to 30 million mt/year: Nornickel”, S&P Global.
Brodwin, E. (2018). “The best countries to escape the worst effects of climate change”, Business Insider.
International Monetary Fund (2024). “World Economic Outlook database: April 2024”.
The World Factbook, “Urbanization”.
United Nations Development Programme (2024). “Human Development Report 2023-24”.
Wolfson, R. y Dalnoki-Veress, F. “The Devastating Effects of Nuclear Weapons”, The MIT Press Reader.
World Bank (2022). “Urban Population”.
Capítulo 1
La Modernidad industrial
Bahr, K. (2025). “U.S. Manufacturing Employment: A Long-Term Perspective”, University of Wisconsin Steven Point.
Beauchamp, Z. (2014). “The world’s victory over extreme poverty, in one chart”, Vox.
Bernhofen, D. M., El-Sahli, Z., y Kneller, R. (2016). “Estimating the Effects of the Container Revolution on World Trade.” Journal of International Economics.
Cevik, S. (2025). “Prometheus Unbound: What Makes Fintech Grow?”, International Monetary Fund Working Paper.
Duggal, H. y Ali, M. (2025). “How will Trump’s tariffs impact Mexico and Canada’s exports?”, Al Jazeera.
European Union (2016). “Europeans, Agriculture and the CAP”.
Ferguson, N. (2025). “Ferguson’s Law: Debt Service, Military Spending, and the Fiscal Limits of Power”, Hoover Institution.
Fiscal Data (2026). “What is the national debt?”. Fiscal Data.
Fox, M. “The U.S. national debt is rising by $1 trillion about every 100 days”, CNBC.
Graetz, M. J. (2007). “Tax Reform Unraveling”, Columbia Law School Scholarship Archive.
Green, M. A. (2023). “China Is the Top Trading Partner to More Than 120 Countries”, Wilson Center.
Guelar, D. R. (2020). “El beso Menem-Rojas”, Clarín.
INDEC (2022). “Censo de la Población Argentina”.
Kotkin, S. (2017). “Stephen Kotkin: Sphere of Influence I - The Gift of Geopolitics: How Worlds are Made, and Unmade”, IWM Vienna.
L.A. Times (1986). “U.S. Becomes the World’s Largest Debtor Country”, L.A. Times.
Li, S. y Jackson, L. (2025). “China’s November crude oil imports reach highest daily level in 27 months”, Reuters.
Lim, S. S., et al. (2012). “A Comparative Risk Assessment of Burden of Disease and Injury Attributable to 67 Risk Factors and Risk Factor Clusters in 21 Regions, 1990–2010.” The Lancet 380, no. 9859 (2012): 2224–2260.
Naval History and Heritage Command (2026). “US Ship Force Levels 1886-present”. Naval History and Heritage Command.
Office of The Secretary of Defense, USA (2020). “Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China”.
People´s Daily Online (2023).“China becomes world’s largest food importer”.
Shambaugh, J., Nunn, R., Liu, P. y Nantz, G. (2017). “Thirteen facts about wage growth”, Brookings.
The Economist (2022). “The pandemic’s true death toll”, The Economist.
UN Data. “Total population, both sexes combined (thousands)”.
United Nations (2026). “Department of Economic and Social Affairs Statistics”.
Westerfield Sports Car Club (2006). “Being British & Quote of the year”.
Williamson, J. (1990). “What Washington Means by Policy Reform”, en Williamson, John (ed.), Latin American Adjustment: How Much Has Happened?, Peterson Institute for International Economics.
World Bank Group (2026). “Trade (% of GDP)-China”.
Yu, Y. y Wang, Y. (2025). “China’s shipbuilders ride crest of global success”, China Daily Hong Kong.
International Monetary Fund (2026). “IMF Data”. International Monetary Fund.
Capítulo 2
Nacionalismo, internacionalismo, globalismo
Anderson, B. (2006). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism Revised.
BBC (2026). “UK General election 2024 Results”. BBC.
Bell, D. “Liberal Internationalism”, Britannica.
Bourne, R. y Klein, D. (2025). “Donald Trump Should Fight Globalism, Not Globalisation”, Cato Institute.
Dilbirligi, M. (2026). “The Bannon Effect and Trumpism in European Politic”, Politics Today.
Hewitson, M. (2013). “Princes’ Wars, Wars of the People, or Total War? Mass Armies and the Question of a Military Revolution in Germany, 1792−1815”, War In History.
Luce, C. B. (1961). “Italy After One Hundred Years”, Foreign Affairs.
Makimoto, T. y Manners, D. (1997). Digital Nomad, John Wiley & Sons.
ONU (1945). “Carta de las Naciones Unidas”, ONU.
Steger, M. B. (2004). “Introduction: Rethinking the Ideological Dimensions of Globalization”, en Steger, M. B. (ed.), Rethinking Globalism, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Stiglitz, J. (2002). El malestar en la globalización, Madrid, Santillan.
Washington Kurdish Institute (2026). “What is Kurdistan?”. Washington Kurdish Institute.
Capítulo 3
Multipolaridad
Albanese, F. (2025). “Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967. Gaza Genocide: a collective crime”, ONU
Balboa, C. (2024). “The dispute in the Aegean: A swarm of islands complicates the division of boundaries.”, Universidad de Navarra.
BBC (2016). “EU referendum: Northern Ireland votes to Remain”. BBC.
Center for Preventive Action (2026). “Tensions Between Armenia and Azerbaijan”. Center for Preventive Action.
Cupolo, D. (2020). “Turkish parliament approves troop deployment to Libya”, Al-Monitor.
Della Pergola, S. (2024). “The Future of Israeli and Jewish Demography”, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Strategic Assessment, volumen 27 No. 2 June 2024.
De Martino, C. y Hanau Santini, R. (2023). “Israel: a demographic ticking bomb in today’s one-state reality”, Aspenia Online.
Ghosh, I. (2020). “This is how the populations of India and China have changed since 1800”, World Economic Forum.
Heer, C. (2026). “China Makes AI-powered Robots Core of National Strategy”. International Federation of Robotics.
Hürriyet Daily News (2026). “Sharaa: Turkish-Syrian partnership to shape future of security”. Hürriyet Daily News.
ICIMOD (2026). “Elevating river basin management and cooperation in the Hindu Kush Himalaya region”. ICIMOD.
IEA (2026). “Trends in the electric car industry”. IEA.
IMF (2026). “World Economic Outlook (WEO)”. IMF.
India Brand Equity Foundation (2023). “Indian middle class will nearly double to 61% by 2046-47: PRICE Report”. India Brand Equity Foundation.
International Institute for Strategic Studies (2026). “PKK disarmament and the Syrian Kurdish impasse”. International Institute for Strategic Studies.
International Monetary Fund (2026). “IMF Data”. International Monetary Fund.
Ismael, Y. (2022). “Turkey’s Growing Military Presence in the Kurdish Region of Iraq”, The Washington Institute.
Kenez, L. (2024). “Turkey expands its military presence in Qatar, gaining experience against Rafale aircraft”, Nordic Monitor.
Khan, S. (2026). “Turkey and Armenia Ease Trade Barriers in Step Toward Regional Normalisation”, Modern Diplomacy.
Larson, P. (2011). “U.S. gives billions in military aid to Egypt, Israel”. Medill on the Hill.
Lu, M. (2025). “Mapped: Global Vehicle Production by Country”, Visual Capitalist.
Malach, G., Yakir, I., y Portal, R. K. (2026). “Haredim in Israel 2050: Demographic Projections and Economic and Security Scenarios”, The Israel Democracy Institute.
McCormack, J. (2026). “Sinn Féin president calls for Michelle O’Neill’s re-election as first minister”. BBC.
McKay, H. (2026). “Turkey’s Shadow War in Sudan”. Fair Observer.
Munro, A. (2026). “superpower”. Britannica.
Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (2026). “Census 2021”. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency.
Office of The Secretary of Defense (2020). “Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China”. Office of The Secretary of Defense.
Osborne, S. (2024). “Michelle O’Neill appointed Northern Ireland’s first nationalist first minister in historic moment”. Sky News.
Pazderkova, L. (2026). “Gibraltar’s contested border set to open as EU approves landmark deal with UK”. EU Perspectives.
Reuters (2026). “DeepSeek could be valued at up to $50 billion in first fundraising, sources say”. Reuters.
Shaheen, K. (2016). “Turkey sends tanks into Syria in operation aimed at Isis and Kurds”. The Guardian.
Sharma, N. (2025). “Why are so many of India’s 1.5 million fresh engineers every year unemployable?”. Forbes India.
Soylu, R. (2026). “African nations seek security ties with Turkey through ‘Somalia model’”. Middle East Eye.
Sullivan, J. y Nachman, L. (2024). “Taiwan: A Contested Democracy Under Threat”. Agenda Publishing.
United Nations Population Fund (2026). “World Population Dashboard”. United Nations Population Fund.
Yadav, M. (2025). “Muslim Population in India, Check States with Highest Muslim Population”, Adda247.
Wong, H. (2024). “China’s aircraft carrier No 4 on track with ‘no technical bottleneck’, admiral reveals in first official confirmation”. South China Morning Post.
Capítulo 4
Colapso poblacional
Aitken, R. J. (2024). “The Global Decline in Human Fertility: The Post-Transition Trap Hypothesis”. Life.
Bandurski, D. (2021). “The ‘lying flat’ movement standing in the way of China’s innovation drive”. Brookings.
Batty, D. (2025). “‘She helps cheer me up’: the people forming relationships with AI chatbots”. The Guardian.
Bourguignon, F. y Morrisson, C. (2002). “Inequality Among World Citizens: 1820-1992”. American Economic Review.
Burket, E. (2026). “Women´s rights movement”. Britannica.
Burn-Murdoch, J. (2024). “A new global gender divide is emerging”. Financial Times.
Center for Reproductive Rights (2026). “The World’s Abortion Laws”. Center for Reproductive Rights.
Central Intelligence Agency (2026). “Median Age-World Factbook”. Central Intelligence Agency.
Clack, E. (2024). “Woman, Who Fell in Love with Chatbot, Is Now Divorcing Husband for Someone She Met on ‘My Boyfriend Is AI’ Reddit Forum”. People.
de Visé, D. (2023). “Most young men are single. Most young women are not”. The Hill.
Filloy, F. (2026). “Caída de la natalidad en Argentina: los cuatro datos que preocupan a obstetras y especialistas en fertilidad”. Infobae.
Fordham University (2026). “Ancient History Sourcebook: The Code of the Assura, c. 1075 BCE”. Fordham University.
Guttmacher (2022). “Unintended Pregnancy and Abortion Worldwide”. Guttmacher.
Guttmacher (2026). “Data Center”. Guttmacher.
Haidt, J. (2024). “The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood is Causing an Epidemic of Mental Illness”. Penguin Press.
Ingraham, C. (2019). “The share of Americans not having sex has reached a record high”. Washington Post.
Jobling, M. A. y Tyler-Smith, C. (2003). “The Human Y Chromosome: An Evolutionary Marker Comes Of Age”. Nature Publishing Group.
Karmin, M., Saag, L., Vicente, M. et al. (2015). “A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture”. Genome Research.
Latham, K. (2023). “How pollution is causing a male fertility crisis”. BBC.
Li, N. P. y Choy, B. K. C. (2023). “The Early Stages of Mate Selection”. Oxford University Press.
Mérida, D. (2024). “¿Qué es el movimiento 4B que promueve no casarse ni tener sexo y cómo se relaciona con la política estadounidense?”. Infobae.
News at Indiana University (2020). “Nearly 1 in 3 young men in the US report having no sex, study finds”. News at Indiana University.
Potts, M. y Campbell, M. (2002). “History of Contraception”.
Raymond, E. G. y Grimes, D. A. (2012). “The comparative safety of legal induced abortion and childbirth in the United States”. Obstetrics & Gynecology.
Riddle, J. M. (1997). “Eve´s Herbs: a history of contraception and abortion in in the West”. Harvard University Press.
Ritchie, H., Rodés-Guirao, L., Mathieu, E., Gerber, M., Ortiz-Ospina, E., Hasell, J. y Roser, M. (2023). “Population Growth”. Our World in Data.
Roser, M. (2026). “50 years ago the average woman had five children; since then, the number has halved”. Our World in Data.
Scheidel, W. (2007). “Demography”. Cambridge University Press.
South China Morning Post (2025). “Japan loses nearly 1 million people in 16th straight year of population decline”. South China Morning Post.
Spiegel, A. (2024). “The Beauty of Solo Activities: The Rise of Solitude in Modern Japan”. Genokai.
Trading Economics (2026). “Japan General Government Gross Debt to GDP”. Trading Economics.
Tsakiridis, I., Zerva, C., Mamopoulos, A., Kalogiannidis, I., Athanasiadis, A. y Dagklis, T. (2022). “Maternal perception of fetal movements: onset and associated factors”. Journal of Perinatal Medicine.
World Bank (2026). “Life expectancy at birth, total (years)”. World Bank.
Capítulo 5
El sueño tecnocrático y la distopía futurista
AI at Dartmouth (2026). “Our Story”. AI at Dartmouth.
Bove, T. (2026). “Peter Thiel brings his Antichrist lectures to Rome — and Italian politicians are calling his ideas ‘scandalous’”. Fortune.
Bradbury, A., Clapp, O., Biacsi, A., Kuo, P., Gaju, O., Hayta, S., Zhu, J. y Lambing, C. (2025). “Integrating genome editing with omics, artificial intelligence, and advanced farming technologies to increase crop productivity”. Plant Communications.
CONABIA (2026). “Convocatoria CONABIA”. CONABIA.
Cosby, A. y Lebakula, V. (2024). “15% of global population lives within a few miles of a coast − and the number is growing rapidly”. Prevention Web.
Davies, H., Goodley, S., Lawrence, F., Lewis, P. y O’Carroll, L. (2022). “Uber broke laws, duped police and secretly lobbied governments, leak reveals”. The Guardian.
Duprey, R. (2026). “Wall Street’s AI Spending Warning Could Make Nvidia the Biggest Casualty”. Yahoo Finance.
FAO (2026). “AQUASTAT - FAO’s Global Information System on Water and Agriculture”. FAO.
González, P. A. y Garrido, J. (2025). “Un futuro vivo”. El Gato y la Caja.
Gorey, J. (2025). “Data Drain: The Land and Water Impacts of the AI Boom”. Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
Howitt, R. E. y Rausser, G. (2022). “Developments in Agricultural Crop Innovations”. Annual Review of Resource Economics.
Hussein, M. (2026). “Visualising AI spending: How does it compare with history’s mega projects?”. Aljazeera.
International Energy Agency (2025). “AI and Energy: World Energy Outlook Special Report”. International Energy Agency.
Jones, N. (2026). “Why Fears Are Growing Over the Fate of a Key Atlantic Current”. Yale Environment 360.
Karp, A. C. y Zamiska, N. W. (2025). “The technological republic: hard power, soft belief, and the future of the West”. Crown Currency.
Klee, M. (2023). “Elon Musk and Bill Maher Warn Against the ‘Woke Mind Virus,’ a.k.a. Historical Fact”. Rolling Stone.
León XIV (2026). “Carta Encíclica Magnifica Humanitas del Santo Padre León XIV sobre la Custodia de la Persona Humana en el Tiempo de la Inteligencia Artificial”. La Santa Sede.
Lessen, M. (2024). “Palantir allegedly enables Israel’s AI targeting in Gaza, raising concerns over war crimes”. Business and Human Rights Centre.
Li, B., Sun, C., Li, J. y Gao, C. (2024). “Targeted genome-modification tools and their advanced applications in crop breeding”. Nature Reviews Genetics.
Martinson, J. (2026). “In the battle of Elon Musk v the press, we can’t let truth be the loser”. The Guardian.
McKendrick, J. (2026). “AI May Be Running Out Of Data, Stanford Report Warns”. Forbes.
McKie, R. (2024). “Arctic zombie viruses in Siberia could spark terrifying new pandemic, scientists warn”. The Guardian.
National Federation of Federal Employees (2026). “DOGE Fails and Shutters, Yet Permanent Damage to Government Institutions and Federal Workforce Remains”. National Federation of Federal Employees.
National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology (2025). “Charting the Future of Biotechnology”. National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology.
OECD (2026). “AI firms capture 61% of global venture capital in 2025”. OECD.
Peña, I. y Jenik, M. (2023). “Deep tech: la nueva ola”. BID.
Reuters (2026). “ChatGPT app hits 1 billion monthly active users in record time, data shows”. Reuters.
Rolla, A. L., Nuñeza, M. N., Guevara, E. R., Meira, S. G., Rodriguez, G. R. y Ortiz de Zárate, M. I. (2018). “Climate impacts on crop yields in Central Argentina. Adaptation strategies”. Agricultural Systems.
Shih, G. (2012). “Peter Thiel, university-hater, heads to campus”. Reuters.
Sor, J. (2025). “DeepSeek tech wipeout erases more than $1 trillion in market cap as AI panic grips Wall Street”. Business Insider.
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (2026). “Global military spending rise continues as European and Asian expenditures surge”. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
Taplin, J. (2023). “El Fin de la Realidad”. UNDAV Ediciones.
UNU-EHS (2026). “What is Wet-Bulb Temperature and Why Does It Matter?”. UNU-EHS.
Yousif, N. (2023). “Meta’s news ban in Canada remains as Online News Act goes into effect”. BBC.
Zahn, M. (2025). “Will AI ever make big profits? Experts weigh in as bubble fears loom”. ABC News.
